基金项目:国家重点研发计划:隧洞穿越活断层围岩-衬砌灾变机制及抗断技术(2016YFC0401803)
作者简介:叶浩(1986- ),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事区域构造研究。E-mail:yehao1986@qq.com.
DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2021.02.03
滇中鹤庆—剑川地区碳酸盐岩岩溶极为发育,其空间展布广,以连续纯碳酸盐岩型岩溶层组类型为主,岩溶形态多样,包括溶蚀平原、溶丘谷地、溶丘洼地等类型。滇中鹤庆—剑川岩溶系统具有沿断裂走向展布的显著特点,同时沿断层、褶皱轴部和构造裂隙岩溶发育程度明显较大。结合区域地质构造背景,研究认为鹤庆—剑川地区岩溶系统的发育主要受控于物质基础(可溶性岩石)和区域构造活动的影响。连续纯碳酸盐岩型岩溶层组为区域性的岩溶作用提供了良好的物质基础。构造活动对岩溶系统的影响,一方面包括构造活动产生的一系列断层及褶皱,包括同期的构造裂缝,增强了流体的运移流通能力和流体—岩石接触的比表面积,另一方面,新生代以来的构造运动使得青藏高原发生持续的构造隆升,这改变了区域内的地理气候环境,尤其是降水量和植被的发育,也是岩溶系统发育的重要的因素之一。
Carbonate karst is extremely developed in Heqing-Jianchuan area of central Yunnan province,and its spatial distribution is wide,which is mainly composed of continuous pure carbonate karst layer groups. The karst morphology is various,including the dissolution plains,dissolved mound valleys,karst hills and depressions and so on. The Heqing-Jianchuan karst system in central Yunnan is characterized by the distribution along the fault strike, and the karst development along the fault,the axis of the fold and the structural fissure is obviously larger. Combined with the regional geological background,the study concluded that the development of the karst system in Heqing-Jianchuan area is mainly controlled by the influence of the material foundation(soluble rocks)and the regional tectonic activities. The continuous pure carbonate-type karst layer group provides a good material basis for regional karstification. On the one hand,the impact of tectonic activities on the karst system includes a series of faults and folds generated by tectonic activities, including tectonic fractures in the same period,which enhances the fluid migration and flow capacity and the specific surface area of fluid-rock contact. On the other hand,the tectonic movement since the Cenozoic has caused continuous structural uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which has changed the geographical and climatic environment in the region,especially precipitation and vegetation development, which is also one of the important factors for the development of karst systems.