Based on the continuous seismic waveform data of Tengchong Seismic Station from 2018 to 2020, the vari‐ation characteristics of ambient noise in different frequency bands were studied by calculating the noise power spec‐tral density (PSD) and probability density function (PDF). The results show that the high-frequency noise above 1 Hz exhibits obvious temporal variation characteristics, and the diurnal variation law is highly consistent with the law of human activities. During the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control period, the noise in this frequency band de‐creases significantly and the daily variation characteristics weaken, while there is no significant difference in the fre‐quency band below 1 Hz, indicating that human activities are the dominant interference source in the high frequen‐cy band. Two types of microseism noise peaks were observed in the 0.05-0.5 Hz microseismic frequency band. Af‐fected by the inland geographical location, the noise energy is concentrated in 0.1-0.5 Hz. The noise in this frequen‐cy band is dominated by the interaction between deep-sea and offshore waves. The noise level in winter is about 2.5 dB higher than that in summer, and the frequency of noise peaks in winter is lower than that in summer. In the long-period frequency band below 0.05 Hz, the horizontal component of observations at Tengchong seismic station pres‐ent distinct diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics: higher noise level in daytime than that at night and higher values in summer than that in winter, which are correlated with variations in temperature and atmospheric pressure. The vertical component has no obvious regularity, reflecting that the horizontal component of Tengchong Seismic Sta‐tion is more susceptible to temperature disturbance and atmospheric pressure change. The research results provide important theoretical support and practical basis for accurate ambient noise evaluation, station layout optimization and observation data quality improvement of seismic stations.
图4 腾冲台2018—2020年垂直向不同频段的功率谱密度变化图Fig.4 Power spectral density variation of vertical components in different frequency bands at Tengchong Seismic Station from 2018 to 2020
图5 腾冲台2018—2020年夏冬季节三分量中值曲线图Fig.5 Three-component median curve of Tengchong station in summer and winter from 2018 to 2020
图6 腾冲台2018—2020年1~10 Hz和10~30 Hz频段下噪声功率谱密度变化图Fig.6 Noise power spectral density variation in 1~10 Hz and 10~30 Hz frequency bands at Tengchong Seismic Station from 2018 to 2020
图7 腾冲台新冠疫情防控前(a)、后(b)垂直分量噪声功率谱密度值PSD的日变化图Fig.7 Diurnal variation of vertical component PSD before (a) and after (b) COVID-19 prevention and control at Tengchong Seismic Station