Simulation of Coseismic and Postseismic Integrated Coulomb Stress Changes and Seismic Hazard Analysis for the 2024 MW 7.4 Hualien Earthquake and Its Subsequent Seismic Sequence, Taiwan
1.Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China;2.Hubei Earthquake Agency, Wuhan 430071, China;3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China
On April 3, 2024, an MW7.4 earthquake struck offshore Hualien County, Taiwan, representing the larg‐est event in the region over the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Over the following 500 days, Taiwan experienced several moderate-to-strong earthquakes, including the MW6.2 Tainan earthquake—the largest in that area in the past 50 years. Using fault models and a regional crustal structure model of Taiwan, this study simulates co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress changes(ΔCFS) induced by the Hualien MW7.4, Tainan MW6.2, and Taitung MW5.8 earth‐quakes across Taiwan and along the Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF) at various depths. Results indicate that the Hualien earthquake produced a Coulomb stress loading of 0.011 bar in the Tainan region and a stress unloading of 0.1 bar in the Taitung region. Following the Tainan earthquake, the cumulative Coulomb stress decrease in Taitung reached 0.16 bar. Combined with the findings of Tang et al., these results suggest that the Hualien earthquake may have triggered the Tainan earthquake and delayed the occurrence of subsequent Taitung earthquake. The Tainan earthquake not only effectively released accumulated stress in the Tainan region but also further suppressed the like‐lihood of rupture in Taitung. Simulation results indicate that the northeast-to-southwest area around the Hualien epi‐center, the southwest sector surrounding the Tainan epicenter, and the northern segment of the Longitudinal Valley Fault Zone are prominent zones of post-seismic stress accumulation. In particular, the high-stress concentration along the northern Longitudinal Valley Fault exhibits strong spatial correspondence with previously identified seis‐mic gaps, and the stress buildup in this region intensifies markedly with time. Combined with the fault locking de‐gree of the Longitudinal Valley Fault and historical strong earthquake activities, this study concludes that this re‐gion is in a state of high tectonic stress accumulation, with a significantly increased risk of future strong earthquakes.
引言
据美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey, USGS)观测,2024年4月3日早上7时58分(UTC时间2024年4月2日23时58分),中国台湾花莲县海域(23.836°N, 121.598°E)发生MW7.4地震。这起地震是继25年前震中位于台湾中部南投县集集镇的921大地震后,台湾地区震级最高的地震,在地震发生后的36个小时内,累计余震数达400次。293天后,2025年1月21日(UTC时间2025年1月20日)台湾台南市(23.24°N,120.51°E)发生MW6.2地震,震源深度14 km,随后又陆续发生55起余震,为当地50年来规模最大的一次地震。2025年6月11日19时0分(UTC时间2025年6月11日11时),台湾台东县海域(23.33°N,121.72°E)再次发生MW5.8地震,震源深度20 km。
图5 2025台南MW6.2地震不同深度震后库伦应力变化模拟结果Fig.5 ∆CFS distributions at different depths after the 2025 Tainan MW6.2earthquake
图6 2024 MW7.4花莲地震和2025 MW6.2台南地震震后不同深度累计库伦应力变化模拟结果Fig.6 The cumulative∆CFS distribution at different depths after the 2024 MW7.4 Hualien earthquake and the 2025 MW6.2 Tainan earthquake
图 11 部分中强地震在花莲地震震中处引发的库伦应力变化模拟结果Fig.11 Simulation results of Coulomb stress changes triggered by moderate and strong earthquakes at the epicenter of the Hualien earthquake.
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