基于多源数据融合的AI地震灾损评估模型研究

1.山西水利职业技术学院,太原 030032;2.山西水利职业技术学院,运城 044000;3.山西地宝能源有限公司,太原 030045

数据融合;人工智能;地震灾损;灾损评估模型

Research on AI-Based Earthquake Damage Assessment Model Using Multi-Source Data Fusion
ZHAO Lirong1,CUI Qian2,GAO Mingjie3

1.Shanxi Conservancy Technical Institute, Taiyuan 030032, China;2.Shanxi Conservancy Technical Institute, Yuncheng 044000, China;3.Shanxi Dibao Energy Co., Ltd.,Taiyuan 030045, China

Data fusion; Artificial intelligence; Erthquake disaster damage; Disaster damage assessment model

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2026.04.07

备注

地震灾害的突发性与破坏性对灾后应急响应体系构成严峻挑战,亟需解决传统评估方法时效性不足与复杂模型可解释性差的困境。本研究整合遥感影像、地震监测、GIS与承灾体属性等多源数据,构建涵盖致灾因子、承灾环境与承灾体特征的多维度数据体系,提出采用“集成学习+单一模型”的组合式建模思路,形成以随机森林为核心的灾损评估模型,并通过案例验证揭示了本研究提出的灾损评估模型在灾损等级分类、严重损毁识别及空间聚集特征再现方面具备较好能力,可以为地震应急响应中的快速灾情判识与资源调配提供技术支撑。
The suddenness and destructiveness of earthquake disasters pose a severe challenge to the post-disaster emergency response system, and it is urgent to solve the predicament of insufficient timeliness of traditional assess⁃ment methods and poor interpretability of complex models. This study integrated multi-source data such as remote sensing images, seismic monitoring, GIS, and hazard-affected body attributes to construct a multi-dimensional data system covering disaster-causing factors, disaster-bearing environments, and hazard-affected body characteristics, and proposed a combined modeling approach of ensemble learning and single model to form a disaster damage as⁃sessment model centered on random forests. And through case verification, it is revealed that the disaster damage as⁃sessment model proposed in this study has good capabilities in disaster damage level classification, severe damage identification and spatial aggregation feature reproduction, which can provide technical support for rapid disaster identification and resource allocation in earthquake emergency response.
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