基于正演模拟的潜山裂缝储层地震响应特征研究
雷胜兰1,2，邹雅铭1,2，李志晔1,2，范殿佐1,2，姚文瀚1,2，刘 浩1,2

1.中海石油深海开发有限公司，深圳 518054;2.中海石油（中国）有限公司深圳分公司，深圳 518054

潜山;裂缝型储层;各向异性;正演模拟;反射率法

Seismic Response Characteristics of Buried Hill Fractured Reservoir Based on the Forward Modelling
LEI Shenglan1,2，ZOU Yaming1,2，LI Zhiye1,2，FAN Dianzuo1,2，YAO Wenhan1,2，LIU Hao1,2

1.CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited, Shenzhen 518054, China;2.Shenzhen Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Shenzhen 518054, China

Buried hill; Fractured reservoir; Seismic anisotropy; Forward modelling; Reflectivity method

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2026.04.21

备注

近年来，随着深水油气勘探的发展，深层勘探已成为海上油气勘探的一个非常重要的方向。位于南海北部的白云凹陷主洼东部深水探区潜山构造发育，潜山内幕的地震响应杂乱、弱反射等特征突出。为了厘清潜山裂缝性储层的地震响应特征，根据潜山叠后实际地震剖面和地质解释，建立地震正演模型，开展了正演模拟，并阐述了潜山内幕的地震响应机理。通过正演模拟及响应特征分析，潜山内幕地震响应特征的成因：潜山顶与上覆岩层的岩性差异大导致强震幅，潜山上覆地层呈现较好的水平层状结构；由于潜山顶风化严重以及构造运动，山顶破坏严重，产生大量的交错的大尺度断裂，导致内幕响应错乱，潜山内幕呈现三元结构，由上到下分为破碎裂缝带、内幕裂缝带和新鲜基岩带，响应特征以杂乱反射、弱反射两大特征为主；受淡水淋漓、后期改造影响，以及基底层段内的暗色矿物较为发育，易于风化蚀变，在潜山顶及其内幕发育较多的中小尺度裂缝、孔隙，形成地震剖面的杂乱反射特征。同时，为了进一步对潜山储层的中小尺度裂缝响应研究，结合邻区测井数据进行岩石物理建模，建立潜山储层模型，通过反射率法对不同裂缝密度的模型进行全方位正演，建立裂缝密度与地震响应的关系。结合AVAZ、VVAZ分析认为，潜山裂缝性储层的裂缝密度对储层各向异性特征的影响具有较高的正相关性，随着裂缝密度的降低，储层各向异性特征减弱。
In recent years, with the development of deep-water oil and gas exploration, deep exploration has become a very important direction for offshore oil and gas exploration. The deep-water exploration area in the eastern main sag of Baiyun Sag in the northern South China Sea is characterized by well-developed buried hill structures, with chaotic seismic responses, and weak reflections inside the buried hill. To clarify the seismic response characteristics of fractured reservoirs in buried hills, a seismic forward model was established based on the post-stack actual seis⁃mic profile and geological interpretation of buried hills, the forward simulation was carried out, and the seismic re⁃sponse mechanism of buried hill interior was elaborated. Through forward modeling and response characteristics analysis, the causes of the seismic response characteristics inside the buried hill are as follows: the significant differ⁃ence in lithology between the buried hill top and the overlying rock layer leads to strong seismic amplitudes, and the overlying strata of the buried hill exhibit a well-developed horizontal layered structure; due to severe weathering at the top of the buried hill and the tectonic movement, the top of the buried hill is seriously damaged, resulting in a large number of staggered large-scale fractures and chaotic internal seismic responses. The buried hill interior exhib⁃its a ternary structure, which is divided into a fracture zone, a subsurface fractured zone and a fresh bedrock zone from top to bottom, with response characterized primarily by chaotic reflections and weak reflections. Influenced by freshwater leaching and later transformation, as well as the relatively developed dark minerals in the basement layer, they are prone to weathering and alteration. There are many medium-and small-scale fractures and pores developed on the top and inside of the buried hill, forming the chaotic reflection characteristics of seismic profile. Meanwhile, in order to further study the response of the medium-and small-scale fractures in buried hill reservoirs, rock physics mod⁃eling was performed in combination with logging data from adjacent areas to construct a buried hill reservoir model. Models with different fracture densities were comprehensively forward simulated using the reflectivity method, and the relationship between fracture density and seismic response was established. Combined with AVAZ and VVAZ analysis, it is considered that the fracture density of buried hill fractured reservoirs has a high positive correlation with the reservoir anisotropic characteristics. With the decrease of fracture density, the anisotropy of reservoir weaken.
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