基于离散元法的滑坡运动特征分析及风险研究
郭鹏程1,2

1.中煤数字科技（广州）有限公司，广州 510451;2.中国煤炭地质总局航测遥感局，西安 710199

滑坡;运动过程;颗粒流;数值模拟;风险分析

Motion Characteristics Analysis and Risk Study of Landslide Based on Discrete Element Method
GUO Pengcheng1,2

1.China Coal Digital Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510451, China;2.Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Bureau, CNACG, Xian 710199, China

Landslide; Movement process; Particle flow; Numerical simulation; Risk analysis

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2026.04.18

备注

为突破传统连续介质假设的局限，探究多场耦合作用下滑坡运动时空演化规律及能量转化路径，采用颗粒流数值模拟方法（PFC3D），通过正射影像建立滑坡三维模型，研究了卫生小区210国道内侧牵引式土质滑坡前缘因房屋切坡和雨水冲刷导致的逐渐向上扩展的运动现象。模拟过程中，生成了14083个0.3~0.5m的刚性球体模拟滑体物质，赋予标定的力学参数（Φ=14°，c=12kPa）进行滑坡运动过程的复现。结果表明：滑坡运动历时30s，平均峰值速度为3.67m/s，平均位移为35.2m；重力势能在滑坡过程中主要转化为摩擦耗能和动能，占比分别为86.8%和1.25%。此外，结合滑移距离和承灾体数据，进行滑坡的时空概率分布计算和易损性分析，为滑坡灾害的风险评估和防治措施提供了重要参考，为复杂人类活动影响区的滑坡成灾模式预测提供了理论支撑。
To overcome the limitations of the traditional continuum medium assumption and explore the spatio-temporal evolution laws and energy conversion paths of landslides under multi-field coupling, this paper employs the particle flow numerical simulation method (PFC3D) , establishes a three-dimensional model of the landslide based on orthophoto images, and studies the movement phenomenon of the front edge of the traction-type soil landslide on the inner side of the National Highway 210 in the Weisheng Community due to the gradual upward expansion of the house slope cutting and rainwater erosion. During the simulation process, 14 083 rigid spheres with diameters ranging from 0.3 m to 0.5 m were generated to simulate the sliding mass material, with the calibrated mechanical parameters (Φ=14°, c=12 kPa) assigned to reproduce the landslide movement process. The results indicate that the landslide movement lasted for 30 seconds, with the average peak velocity of 3.67 m/s, and the average displacement of 35.2 m. The gravitational potential energy is mainly converted into frictional energy dissipation and kinetic energy during the landslide process, accounting for 86.8% and 1.25% respectively.Furthermore, combining with the sliding distance and related hazard-bearing body data, spatio-temporal probability distribution calculations and vulnerability analyses of the landslide are conducted, which provides critical references for risk assessment and prevention measures against landslide disasters, and offers theoretical support for the prediction of landslide disaster formation patterns in areas influenced by complex human activities.
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