Against the backdrop of frequent global earthquake disasters, the public’s inadequate post-disaster psychological adaptability exacerbates secondary social risks. Traditional psychological interventions face limita‐tions such as limited coverage and high resource dependency, whereas science education grounded in cognitive-behavioral theory may offer a low-cost, sustainable alternative pathway. Empirical evidence indicates that struc‐tured input of disaster knowledge effectively reshapes risk cognitive schemas, yet the micro-mechanisms through which it influences psychological resilience via dual cognitive and behavioral pathways remain unclear,hindering the design of targeted intervention strategies. Therefore,this study explores how earthquake science knowledge me‐diates acts on the psychological adaptation system through dual pathways of rational risk cognition and emergency self-efficacy. A stratified randomized controlled trial is adopted to test these transmission mechanisms, aiming to provide theoretical anchors and practical paradigms for building psychological resilience to disasters.