基于低成本地磁场观测台阵的滇西南及邻区地震地磁Z分量异常分析

云南省地震局,昆明 650201

低成本地磁场观测台阵;加卸载响应比;日变相关性;地震预报

Analysis of Geomagnetic Z-Component Anomalies Associated with Earthquakes in Southwestern Yunnan and Its Adjacent Regions Based on Low-Cost Geomagnetic Observation Array
YANG Yue,TIAN Peng,BAI Xianfu

Yunnan Earthquake Agency , Kunming 650201, China

Low-cost geomagnetic observation array; Load-unload response ratio; Daily variation correlation;Earthquake forecasting

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2026.02.02

备注

为提高滇西南地区的地震预报效能,天津市地震局、天津大学和云南省地震局在临沧市地区布设了低成本地磁场观测台阵,实现了区域地磁场的密集观测。研究基于临沧市低成本地磁场观测台阵的观测数据,利用加卸载响应比法和相关性分析法分析了滇西南及邻区2023年8月—2025年4月的显著地震事件发生前的地磁Z分量变化特征,结果显示:在排除仪器故障、环境干扰、太阳活动等影响因素的前提下,距离地磁场观测站点500km以内的10次4.0级以上地震中有6次地震震前2~23天Z分量加卸载响应比出现异常,超过阈值,多个站点日变幅度出现不同程度的减小,日变趋势被“压平”,且通常持续2~3天;距离地磁场观测站点20km以内的2次3.0级小震震前4~6天Z分量日变相关性降低,低于阈值,单个站点的日变趋势出现“反相”。滇西南及邻区地震地磁Z分量异常提取证明了低成本地磁场观测可为一定区域范围内地震的短临预报提供参考。
To improve earthquake forecasting efficiency in southwestern Yunnan, Tianjin Earthquake Agency, Tianjin University,and Yunnan Earthquake Agency have deployed a low-cost geomagnetic field observation array in Lincang City,achieving the intensive observation of regional geomagnetic field. Based on the observation data of low-cost geomagnetic field observation array in Lincang City, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of geomagnetic Z-component before the significant earthquakes in southwest Yunnan and its adjacent areas from Au⁃gust 2023 to April 2025 by using the load-unload response ratio method and correlation analysis method. The re⁃sults show that under the premise of eliminating instrument failure,environmental interference,solar activity and other influencing factors,6 of the 10 earthquakes with M≥4.0 within 500 km from the geomagnetic field observation station have abnormal Z-component load and unload response ratio in 2-23 days before the earthquake,which ex⁃ceeds the threshold. The daily variation amplitude of multiple stations decreases to varying degrees,and the daily variation trend is“flattened”,and usually lasts for 2-3 days. The daily variation correlation of Z-component in 4-6 days before two M3.0 small earthquakes within 20 km from the geomagnetic field observation station is lower than the threshold value,along with trend inversions at individual stations. The extraction of Z-component geomagnetic anomalies associated with seismic activity in southwestern Yunnan and its adjacent areas proves that low-cost geo⁃magnetic field observation can provide reference for short-term and imminent earthquake forecasting in a certain ar⁃ea.
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