桥梁主动防撞风险感知与评估技术综述

1.广东省安全生产和应急管理科学技术研究院,广州 510060;2.深圳防灾减灾技术研究院,深圳 518003

桥梁主动防撞;船撞桥事故;多源感知;风险评估

Review on Active Risk Perception and Assessment Technologies for Bridge Collision Prevention
LIU Jie1,ZHANG Xiaocheng2,WANG Lixin2,LIN Jianfu2,ZHOU Zihan2

1.Guangdong Academy of Work Safety and Emergency Management Science and Technology , Guangzhou 510060, China;2.Shenzhen Institute of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology , Shenzhen 518003, China

Active bridge collision prevention;Ship-bridge collision;Multi-source sensing;Risk assessment

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2025.04.23

备注

随着跨江跨海桥梁建设的加速与船舶通航密度的持续上升,船舶撞击桥梁事件日趋频发,严重威胁着桥梁结构安全与水上交通秩序。本文系统梳理了桥梁主动防船撞的风险感知与评估技术体系,重点聚焦船舶目标多源感知技术(AIS、可见光、红外与雷达等)及其多源数据融合预警机制,分析了多模态数据融合策略、船撞风险评估方法,总结当前技术瓶颈,提出面向未来的桥梁主动防船撞技术研究方向,包括边缘智能部署、系统协同集成、数字孪生防撞体系构建及标准化评估体系建设等,为高韧性、智能化的桥梁安全保障提供理论基础与技术支撑。
With the accelerated construction of cross-river and cross-sea bridges and the continuously increasing density of vessel traffic, ship-bridge collision incidents have become more frequent, posing severe threats to bridge structural safety and maritime traffic order. This paper systematically reviews the risk perception and assessment technologies for active bridge collision prevention, focusing on multi-source vessel target sensing technologies(AIS, visible light, infrared, radar, etc.)and their multi-source data fusion-based early warning mechanisms. Strategies for multimodal data fusion and ship collision risk assessment methods are analyzed. Current technical bottlenecks are summarized, and future research directions are proposed, including edge intelligence deployment, system-level collaborative integration, digital twin-based collision prevention frameworks, and standardized evaluation systems. This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for resilient and intelligent bridge safety assurance.
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