地震应急演练中的自救行为模式与优化策略研究

吉林通用航空职业技术学院,吉林 吉林 132000

地震应急演练;自救行为;行为有效性;优化策略

Study on Self-Rescue Behavior Patterns and Optimization Strategies in Earthquake Emergency Drills
LI Meichao,RONG Xiaoyu,YUAN Jing,HUANG Xiao,ZHANG Guangming

Jilin General Aviation Vocational and Technical College , Jilin 132000, China

Earthquake emergency drills;Self-rescue behaviour;Behavioral effectiveness;Optimization strategy

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2025.03.22

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地震灾害的突发性与破坏性对应急响应体系提出了严峻挑战,传统演练模式因缺乏行为科学视角导致自救技能转化率低下,难以满足国家应急管理体系现代化需求。此研究基于保护动机理论、计划行为理论设计问卷并回收248份有效问卷,识别了精准执行者、机械跟随者、经验误导者、失能恐慌者四类自救行为模式群体,并提出设计高阶训练方案、构建去中心化训练体系、破解认知固化特性、突破身心解耦困境针对性的优化策略,以实现从标准化演练向精准化训练的模式转型。
The suddenness and destructiveness of earthquake disasters pose severe challenges to emergency response systems. Traditional drill models, lacking a behavioural science perspective, result in low conversion rates of self-rescue skills, failing to meet the modernisation requirements of the national emergency management system. Based on the theory of protective motivation and the theory of planned behavior, this study designed a questionnaire and collected 248 valid responses,identifying four self-rescue behavior patterns:precise executors, mechanical followers,experience-misguided individuals,and incapacitated panic-stricken individuals. The study proposed targeted optimization strategies, including designing advanced training programs, establishing a decentralized training system,addressing cognitive rigidity,and overcoming the mind-body decoupling dilemma, so as to facilitate a transition from standardized drills to precision-oriented training.
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