潍坊市主城区地震应急避难场所分布适宜性分析

1.山东省地震局 潍坊地震监测中心站,山东 潍坊 261041;2.潍坊市防震减灾中心,山东 潍坊 261061

应急避难场所;熵值权重法;地理信息系统(GIS);潍坊市

Suitability Analysis of Earthquake Emergency Shelter Distribution in Main Urban Area of Weifang City
XIONG Wei1,ZHENG Jiajun1,FAN Jun2,YANG Litao1,DONG Min1,HAN Bo1,LIU Yuzhen1

1.Weifang Earthquake Monitoring Center Station , Shandong Earthquake Agency , Weifang 261041, China ;2.Weifang Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Center , Weifang 261061, China

Emergency shelter;Entropy weight method;Geographic information system(GIS);Weifang City

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2025.03.16

备注

潍坊主城区人口分布密集,且地处地震断裂带附近,故地震危险性相对较高。为对潍坊市主城区的93个地震应急避难场所的分布适宜性进行分析,利用ArcGIS软件开展了缓冲区分析、核密度分析及避难场所到断裂的最近距离的计算,并利用熵值权重法进行适宜性评价。分析后认为:奎文区东侧区域、寒亭区北部(滨海区、经开区)、坊子区东南部(峡山区)的避难场所明显数量偏少,不能进行有效覆盖;避难场所到断裂距离偏近。93个避难场所中有67个,处于离断裂0~2000m范围内,占比72.0%;避难场所到大型超市的距离已成为影响郊区避难场所评分的一个重要因素;人口密集区边缘地带的空旷地是建设地震应急避难场所的好选择,目前开发利用不够。综合分析后认为,潍坊市主城区在新增功能区的应急避难场所数量偏少、且该区域已建设的避难场所的配套基础设置还需完善,建议在远离断裂带的地方新增大型避难场所。
The main urban area of Weifang City is densely populated and located near the earthquake fault zone, so the earthquake risk is relatively high. In order to analyze the distribution suitability of 93 earthquake emergency shelters in the main urban area of Weifang City, this paper used ArcGIS software to carry out buffer analysis, kernel density analysis,and calculation of the nearest distance from the shelter to the fault,and adopted entropy weight method to evaluate the suitability. The analysis shows that: The number of shelters in the east of Kuiwen District,the north of Hanting District(Binhai District and Jingkai District),and the southeast of Fangzi District (Xiashan District)is obviously too small to cover effectively. The distance from the shelter to the fault is too close. 67 of the 93 shelters are 0-2000 m away from the fault,accounting for 72.0%. The distance from the shelter to the supermarket has become an important factor affecting the rating of the suburban shelter. The open land on the edge of densely populated areas is a good choice for the construction of earthquake emergency shelters,and the current development and utilization are not sufficient. After a comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that the number of emergency shelters in the new functional areas in the main urban area of Weifang City is too small, and the supporting basic settings of the shelters built in this area need to be improved. It is recommended to add large shelters in places far from the fault zone.
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