基于最小二乘配置的板块边界地壳形变应变特征分析

(陕西铁路工程职业技术学院,陕西渭南 714000)

GNSS;最小二乘配置;地壳应变;动力学机制

Characteristic Analysis of Crustal Deformation and Strain at Plate Boundary Based on Least Squares Configuration
WANG Dong,ZHAO Xukun,LIU Wangming

(Shaanxi Railway Institute,Weinan 714099,China)

GNSS;Least squares configuration;Crustal strain;Dynamic mechanism

DOI: 10.13512/j.hndz.2021.03.17

备注

北美板块边界属于地震高风险区域,为了更好地了解该区域地壳形变及应变的变化特征,本文利用北美板块边界 PBO网络 1997-2008年的 GNSS高精度速度场信息,基于欧拉旋转矢量扣除背景场刚性运动后,顾及区域速度场的统计学原理,利用球面最小二乘配置算法拟合推估该区域地壳连续速度场,最后基于速度场与应变场的微分关系在球面上解算面膨胀,剪应变及主应变等地壳应变特征参数。研究结果表明:指数函数作为该区域的协方差基本函数较为合适,其东向及北向相关系数平方达 0.94和 0.95;通过球面最小二乘配置算法解得该区域压缩应变的最大值约 -11×10-7/yr,位于圣安德列斯断裂周缘地带,圣马利亚北部;剪应变最大值约 6×10-7/yr,位于弗朗西斯科东南、圣马利亚西北。由于太平洋板块向东运动导致与北美板块边界产生挤压,造成该区域地壳形变特征明显,地质灾害频发。
The North American plate boundary is a high-risk area for earthquakes. In order to better understandthe change characteristics of crustal deformation and strain in this area,this paper uses the GNSS high-precisionvelocity field information of the North American plate boundary PBO network from 1997 to 2008 and subtracts thebackground based on Euler's rotation vector. Then, taking into account the statistical principles of the regional velocity field, this paper uses the spherical least squares configuration algorithm to fit and estimate the continuousvelocity field of the crust in the region. Finally,based on the differential relationship between the velocity field and the strain field,the crustal strain characteristic parameters such as surface expansion,shear strain and principalstrain are calculated on the spherical surface. The research results show that the exponential function is more appropriate as the basic function of covariance in this area, and the square of the eastward and northward correlation coefficients are 0.94 and 0.95;the maximum compressive strain in this area is about -11×10-7/yr solved by the spherical least squares configuration algorithm,which is located in the Peripheral area of the Andres fault, north of Santa Maria; the maximum shear strain is about 6×10-7 /yr, located in the southeast of Francisco and northwest of Santa Maria. Due to the eastward movement of the Pacific plate,it squeezed with the North American plate boundary, resulting in obvious crustal deformation characteristics in this area and frequent geological disasters.
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