The monthly gravity field data of GRACE gravity satellite RL05 was used to obtain the monthly gravity changes of the periphery of the epicenter of the Nepal earthquake from 2010 to 2015 and the gravity time series of the epicenter. Based on the wavelet multi-scale analysis method,the satellite gravity field is decomposed to obtain the details and approximate parts of the gravity field. The results of the study show that in the 5 years before the Nepal earthquake(2010-2014),there were obvious positive and negative satellite gravity anomalies and migration around the source area. From 2014 and 2015,obvious positive and negative anomalies were formed around the earthquake area. The gravity increase in the gravity anomaly area is obvious. The epicenter's gravity time series reflects that since 2013,the gravity change is in a stable state and at a high level;through power spectrum analysis,the depth of the field source corresponding to each order of multi-scale decomposition is calculated,and the details of gravity anomalies after the first 4 order wavelet decomposition,which reflects the location and anomalies of shallow geological bodies;the details of the 5th-order wavelet are more focused on describing regional structural deformation and gravity changes caused by deep material flow.
引言
2015年4月25日14时11分,尼泊尔境内发生了MW7.8地震,美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey,USGS)测定的此次地震的震中位于尼泊尔博卡拉(28.15°N,84.71°E),即位于首都加德满都西北77 km处。此次地震的震级较大,并引发多处滑坡、冰崩雪崩;造成了大量人员伤亡以及建筑物倒塌和损坏。
图3 2011—2014年GRACE重力变化5阶小波多尺度分解细节及近似部分 Fig.3 Details and approximate part of GRACE gravity change 5th order wavelet multi-scale decomposition from 2011 to 2014
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