远场子波在海洋地震资料信号处理中的应用-华南地震

文章信息/Info

Title:: Application of Far-field Wavelet in Signal Processing of Marine Seismic Data

作者:: 张旭东1; 2; 尹成2; 赵斌1; 1. 自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室广州海洋地质调查局，广州 510075；2. 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室西南石油大学，成都 610500

Author(s):: ZHANG Xudong1; 2; YIN Cheng2; ZHAO Bin1; 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources，Ministry of Natural Resources，Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey，Guangzhou 510075，China；2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China

Keywords:: Marine seismic; Far-field wavelet; Zero-phase operator; Bubble effect

摘要:: 海洋地震勘探中应用最广泛的震源是空气枪，其具有稳定可靠，子波一致性好，频率成分丰富等特点。在海洋地震资料处理解释中，气枪震源远场子波不仅决定着地震资料品质，而且广泛用于确定性子波反褶积、宽频处理等，具有不可替代的作用。此方法由地震数据辅助道中记录的近场子波推算得到远场子波，不仅避免了测量成本高且操作难度大的实测远场子波，而且得到的远场子波比地震资料直接提取子波精度要高。利用得到的远场子波可以进一步求取零相位化算子（包括压制气泡算子和整形算子），用作消除地震数据气泡效应影响，并进行零相位化处理。通过实际地震资料对所述方法进行了验证，得到的结果不仅使地震剖面上反射波的续至相位得到了有效抑制，子波形态得到了很好的恢复，而且消除了非零相位数据对高分辨率处理和解释标定的影响。从实际数据处理效果来看本方法是切实可靠的。

Abstract:: The most widely used source in marine seismic exploration is the air gun，which is characterized by stable，reliable，good wavelet consistency and rich frequency components. In the interpretation and processing of marine seismic data，the far-field wavelet of air gun source not only determines the quality of seismic data， but also is widely used for deterministic wavelet deconvolution，broadband processing and so on. It plays an irreplaceable role. In this paper，the far-field wavelets are derived from the near-field wavelets recorded in the seismic data-assisted trace，which not only avoids the measured far-field wavelets with high measurement cost and high operation difficulty，but also obtains far-field wavelets with higher accuracy than directly extracting wavelets from seismic data. The obtained zero-phase operator（including the suppression bubble operator and the shaping operator）can be further obtained by using the obtained far-field wavelet，which can be used to eliminate the influence of the virtual reflection and the bubble effect on the seismic data，and perform zero-phase processing. The method is verified with actual seismic data，and the results not only effectively suppress the continuation phase of reflection wave on seismic section，but also eliminate the influence of non-zero phase data on high-resolution processing and interpretation calibration. The method is practical and reliable from the actual data processing effect.